Welcome to the Publications page of Dr. Arnold Bruhn, a pioneer in utilizing autobiographical memory for psychological assessment and rapid healing. This is a comprehensive list of Dr. Bruhn’s works, including his groundbreaking Early Memories Procedure (EMP) and related projective procedures, assessment manuals, and numerous journal articles and book chapters.

These resources delve into the theoretical and practical applications of autobiographical memory in clinical psychology, offering valuable insights for both professionals and those interested in understanding the power of memory in personal development and therapy.

You can purchase Dr. Bruhn’s books and Early Memories Procedure (EMP) materials in our store.

Early Memories Procedure materials

  • The Early Memories Procedure booklet
  • Memories of Father booklet
  • Memories of Mother booklet
  • Romantic Relationships Procedure booklet
  • Memories of Spouse booklet
  • The Early Memories Procedure Manual
  • The Comprehensive Early Memories Scoring System–Revised
  • Interpretation of Early Memories and Supplemental Procedures

Journal Articles and Book Chapters

Bruhn, A.R. (1981). Children’s earliest memories: Their use in clinical practice. Journal of Personality Assessment, 45, 258-262.  Access @ JPA Online

Bruhn, A.R., & Last, J. (1982). Early memories: Four theoretical perspectives. Journal of Personality Assessment, 46, 119-127. Access @ APA Online

Bruhn, A.R., & Schiffman, H. (1982). Invalid assumptions and methodological difficulties in early memory research. Journal of Personality Assessment, 46, 265-267.  Access @ APA Psychnet

Bruhn, A.R. & Schiffman, H. (1982). Prediction of locus of control stance from the earliest childhood memory. Journal of Personality Assessment, 46, 380-390.  Access @ JPA Online

Bruhn, A.R., & Davidow, S. (1983). Earliest memories and the dynamics of delinquency. Journal of Personality Assessment, 47, 476-482. Access @ JPA Online

Bruhn, A.R., & Bellow, S. (1984). Warrior, General, and President: Dwight David Eisenhower and his earliest memories. Journal of Personality Assessment, 48, 371-377.  Access @ JPA Online

Bruhn, A.R. (1984). The use of early memories as a projective technique. In P. McReynolds and C.J. Chelume (Eds.) Advances in Psychological Assessment (Vol. 6, pp. 109-150). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, Inc. Search online

Bruhn, A.R. (1985). Using early memories as a projective technique–The Cognitive-Perceptual method. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 587-597.  Access @ APA Online

Bruhn, A.R., & Bellow, S. (1987). The Cognitive-Perceptual approach to the interpretation of early memories: The earliest memories of Golda Meier. In C.D. Spielberger and J.N. Butcher (Eds.) Advances in Personality Assessment, (Vol. 6, pp. 69-87). Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.  TaylorFrancis.com

Davidow, S., & Bruhn, A.R. (1990). Earliest memories and the dynamics of delinquency: A replication study. Journal of Personality Assessment, 54, 601-616.  Access @ PubMed

Bruhn, A.R. (1990 a). Cognitive-Perceptual theory and the projective use of autobiographical memory. Journal of Personality Assessment, 55, 95-114.  Access @ JPA Online

Bruhn, A.R. (1990 b). Earliest Childhood Memories: Theory and Application to Clinical Practice (Vol 1). New York: Praeger. Search online

Bruhn, A.R. (1992 a). The Early Memories Procedure: A projective test of autobiographical memory (Part I). Journal of Personality Assessment, 58, 1-15.  Access @ JPA Online

Bruhn, A.R. (1992 b). The Early Memories Procedure: A projective test of autobiographical memory (Part II). Journal of Personality Assessment, 58, 326-346. Access @ Europe PMC

Tobey, L.H., & Bruhn, A.R. (1992). Early memories and the criminally dangerous. Journal of Personality Assessment, 59, 137-152.  Access @ PubMed

Bruhn, A.R. (1995). Early memories in personality assessment. In J.N. Butcher (Ed.) Clinical Personality Assessment: Practical Considerations, (pp. 278-301). New York: Oxford University Press. Search online

Bruhn, A.R. (1995). Ideographic aspects of injury memories: Applying contextual theory to the Comprehensive Early Memories Scoring System–Revised. Journal of Personality Assessment, 65, 195-236. Access @ JPA Online

DeMuth, P.W., & Bruhn, A.R. (1997). The use of the Early Memories Procedure in a psychotherapy group of substance abusers. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 41, 24-35.  Access @ IJO Online

Acklin, M.W., Wright, D.E., & Bruhn, A.R. (1997). He-She-It: The construction and destruction of an illusory identity. In J.R.Meloy, M.W. Acklin et al (Eds) Contemporary Rorschach Interpretation (pp. 453-480). Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Access @ Routledge

Bruhn, A.R. (2006). In celebration of his 300th birthday: Benjamin Franklin’s Early Memories Procedure. E-journal of applied psychology, 2, Issue 1, 22-44. Access @ Sensoria